Rude food

The variety of the English language is a constant source of wonder to me - it's a wonder that non-native speakers are ever able to master it. Consider this sentence:

I sued a rude man who gave me food till I spewed.

OK, a pretty tasteless example, but it makes a good point. The blue words all rhyme, but what rule, if any, do they follow? How about:

queued
lewd (in US accent, not UK which has a hint of the 'w' in there)
chewed

Then how about good and hood - spelt the same way as food, but pronounced differently.

I wonder if other languages act this way, or if it's just a result of all the influences on English - Germanic, Romantic, Old English, Norse, and so on.